Unpublished Mediterranean records of marine alien and cryptogenic species

Good datasets of geo-referenced records of alien species are a prerequisite for assessing the spatio-temporal dynamics of biological invasions, their invasive potential, and the magnitude of their impacts. However, with the exception of first records on a country level or wider regions, observations of species presence tend to remain unpublished, buried in scattered repositories or in the personal databases of experts. Through an initiative to collect, harmonize and make such unpublished data for marine alien and cryptogenic species in the Mediterranean Sea available, a large dataset comprising 5376 records was created. It includes records of 239 alien or cryptogenic taxa (192 Animalia, 24 Plantae, 23 Chromista) from 19 countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. In terms of records, the most reported Phyla in descending order were Chordata, Mollusca, Chlorophyta, Arthropoda, and Rhodophyta. The most recorded species was Caulerpa cylindracea, followed by Siganus luridus, Magallana sp. (cf. gigas or angulata) and Pterois miles. The dataset includes records from 1972 to 2020, with the highest number of records observed in 2018. Among the records of the dataset, Dictyota acutiloba is a first record for the Mediterranean Sea. Nine first country records are also included: the alga Caulerpa taxifolia var. distichophylla, the cube boxfish Ostracion cubicus, and the cleaner shrimp Urocaridella pulchella from Israel; the sponge Paraleucilla magna from Libya and Slovenia; the lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus from Cyprus; the bryozoan Celleporaria vermiformis and the polychaetes Prionospio depauperata and Notomastus aberans from Malta

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Les molécules du Complexe Majeur d’Histocompatibilité (CMH) jouent un rôle crucial dans la régulation des réponses immunitaires. Il existe trois familles de molécules présentatrices d’Ag : les molécules du CMH de classe I et II et les molécules CD1qui possèdent la particularité de présenter des lipides et des glycolipides. Parmi ces molécules, CD1a est exprimée de façon variable à la surface des cellules dendritiques. L’objectif de mon travail de thèse a été de déterminer les mécanismes de régulation de l’expression de la molécule CD1a sur les cellules dendritiques humaines. Ce travail a donc permis de montrer que la régulation de CD1a par CD99, au sein des cellules dendritiques, implique l’activation de la voie de signalisation de p38 MAPK, ainsi que de la voie de l’AMPc conduisant à la phosphorylation constitutive des facteurs de transcription ATF-2 et CREB-1. La forme courte de CD99 est, quant à elle, requise pour obtenir une inhibition de la voie de signalisation induite par la forme longue de CD99. La différentiation in vitro de monocytes en cellules dendritiques est caractérisée par un « switch » de l’expression de CD99. Son absence conduit à la génération de cellules dendritiques CD1a négatives. Mon travail a également permis de démontrer l’implication des voies de l’AMPc et p38 dans la génération de ces deux sous populations de cellules. Cette étude suggère fortement un rôle pour CD99 dans la régulation de la différenciation des monocytes en différents sous types de cellules dendritiques.Introduction: Accumulating data have shown that the microenvironment of dendritic cells modulates subtype differentiation, demonstrating a link between lipoproteins, PPARγ activation, and the differentiation and functional activity of CD1- and CD1a+ iDCs. We have previously established that CD99, a ubiquitous surface molecule expressed as two isoforms, could regulate CD1a expression in iDCs. The percentage of CD1a negative iDCs substantially varied among individuals, only 10% of healthy donors exhibit a very low percentage of CD1a positive iDCs. The goal of the present study was to characterize the mechanisms by which exogenous factors confer these effects. Methods: Monocyte from healthy donors or patients with lipid disorders were differentiated into iDCs and CD1a expression was analysed by flow cytometry. CD1a expression was analysed at both membrane and intracellular levels using western blot analysis and flow cytometry in healthy donnors. Then monocytes were differentiated to iDCs under differents conditions so that modify CD1a+/CD1a- cells balance. Results: We demonstrated that lipid disorders in patients shift DC differentiation to the development of CD1a− DCs and modulate DC activation through its inhibitory effect on CD1a+ DC differentiation. We suggest that beside activation of intracellular signaling the lipoproteins microenvironement is also crucial for CD1a regulation

Régulation de CD1a par CD99 : rôle dans la génération de sous populations de cellules dendritiques humaines

Introduction: Accumulating data have shown that the microenvironment of dendritic cells modulates subtype differentiation, demonstrating a link between lipoproteins, PPARγ activation, and the differentiation and functional activity of CD1- and CD1a+ iDCs. We have previously established that CD99, a ubiquitous surface molecule expressed as two isoforms, could regulate CD1a expression in iDCs. The percentage of CD1a negative iDCs substantially varied among individuals, only 10% of healthy donors exhibit a very low percentage of CD1a positive iDCs. The goal of the present study was to characterize the mechanisms by which exogenous factors confer these effects. Methods: Monocyte from healthy donors or patients with lipid disorders were differentiated into iDCs and CD1a expression was analysed by flow cytometry. CD1a expression was analysed at both membrane and intracellular levels using western blot analysis and flow cytometry in healthy donnors. Then monocytes were differentiated to iDCs under differents conditions so that modify CD1a+/CD1a- cells balance. Results: We demonstrated that lipid disorders in patients shift DC differentiation to the development of CD1a− DCs and modulate DC activation through its inhibitory effect on CD1a+ DC differentiation. We suggest that beside activation of intracellular signaling the lipoproteins microenvironement is also crucial for CD1a regulation.Les molécules du Complexe Majeur d’Histocompatibilité (CMH) jouent un rôle crucial dans la régulation des réponses immunitaires. Il existe trois familles de molécules présentatrices d’Ag : les molécules du CMH de classe I et II et les molécules CD1qui possèdent la particularité de présenter des lipides et des glycolipides. Parmi ces molécules, CD1a est exprimée de façon variable à la surface des cellules dendritiques. L’objectif de mon travail de thèse a été de déterminer les mécanismes de régulation de l’expression de la molécule CD1a sur les cellules dendritiques humaines. Ce travail a donc permis de montrer que la régulation de CD1a par CD99, au sein des cellules dendritiques, implique l’activation de la voie de signalisation de p38 MAPK, ainsi que de la voie de l’AMPc conduisant à la phosphorylation constitutive des facteurs de transcription ATF-2 et CREB-1. La forme courte de CD99 est, quant à elle, requise pour obtenir une inhibition de la voie de signalisation induite par la forme longue de CD99. La différentiation in vitro de monocytes en cellules dendritiques est caractérisée par un « switch » de l’expression de CD99. Son absence conduit à la génération de cellules dendritiques CD1a négatives. Mon travail a également permis de démontrer l’implication des voies de l’AMPc et p38 dans la génération de ces deux sous populations de cellules. Cette étude suggère fortement un rôle pour CD99 dans la régulation de la différenciation des monocytes en différents sous types de cellules dendritiques

Régulation de CD1a par CD99 (rôle dans la génération de sous populations de cellules dendritiques humaines)

Les molécules du Complexe Majeur d Histocompatibilité (CMH) jouent un rôle crucial dans la régulation des réponses immunitaires. Il existe trois familles de molécules présentatrices d Ag : les molécules du CMH de classe I et II et les molécules CD1qui possèdent la particularité de présenter des lipides et des glycolipides. Parmi ces molécules, CD1a est exprimée de façon variable à la surface des cellules dendritiques. L objectif de mon travail de thèse a été de déterminer les mécanismes de régulation de l expression de la molécule CD1a sur les cellules dendritiques humaines. Ce travail a donc permis de montrer que la régulation de CD1a par CD99, au sein des cellules dendritiques, implique l activation de la voie de signalisation de p38 MAPK, ainsi que de la voie de l AMPc conduisant à la phosphorylation constitutive des facteurs de transcription ATF-2 et CREB-1. La forme courte de CD99 est, quant à elle, requise pour obtenir une inhibition de la voie de signalisation induite par la forme longue de CD99. La différentiation in vitro de monocytes en cellules dendritiques est caractérisée par un switch de l expression de CD99. Son absence conduit à la génération de cellules dendritiques CD1a négatives. Mon travail a également permis de démontrer l implication des voies de l AMPc et p38 dans la génération de ces deux sous populations de cellules. Cette étude suggère fortement un rôle pour CD99 dans la régulation de la différenciation des monocytes en différents sous types de cellules dendritiques.Introduction: Accumulating data have shown that the microenvironment of dendritic cells modulates subtype differentiation, demonstrating a link between lipoproteins, PPARg activation, and the differentiation and functional activity of CD1- and CD1a+ iDCs. We have previously established that CD99, a ubiquitous surface molecule expressed as two isoforms, could regulate CD1a expression in iDCs. The percentage of CD1a negative iDCs substantially varied among individuals, only 10% of healthy donors exhibit a very low percentage of CD1a positive iDCs. The goal of the present study was to characterize the mechanisms by which exogenous factors confer these effects. Methods: Monocyte from healthy donors or patients with lipid disorders were differentiated into iDCs and CD1a expression was analysed by flow cytometry. CD1a expression was analysed at both membrane and intracellular levels using western blot analysis and flow cytometry in healthy donnors. Then monocytes were differentiated to iDCs under differents conditions so that modify CD1a+/CD1a- cells balance. Results: We demonstrated that lipid disorders in patients shift DC differentiation to the development of CD1a DCs and modulate DC activation through its inhibitory effect on CD1a+ DC differentiation. We suggest that beside activation of intracellular signaling the lipoproteins microenvironement is also crucial for CD1a regulation.NICE-Bibliotheque electronique (060889901) / SudocSudocFranceF

PAPR Reduction Scheme In MIMO-OFDM Systems With Efficient Embedded Signaling

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising transmission scheme for high performance broadband wireless communications. However, this technique suffers from a major drawback which is the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the output signals. In order to overcome this issue, several methods that require the transmission of explicit Side Information (SI) bits have been proposed. In fact, the transmitted bits must be channel-encoded as they are particularly critical to the performance of the considered OFDM system. This channel-encoding highly increases the system complexity and also decreases the transmission data rate. For these reasons, we propose in this paper, two robust blind techniques that embed the (SI) implicitly into the OFDM frame. First, we investigate a new technique referred as Blind Space Time Bloc Codes (BSTBC) that is inspired from the conventional Selected Mapping (SLM) approach. This technique banks on an adequate embedded signaling that mainly consist on a specific Space Time Bloc Codes (STBC) patterns and a precoding sequences codebook. Second, in order to improve the signal detection process and the PAPR gain, we propose a new efficient combined Blind SLM-STBC (BSLM-STBC) method. Both methods have the benefit of resulting in an optimized scheme during the signal estimation process that is based on the Max-Log-Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) algorithm. Finally, the obtained performance evaluation results show that our proposed methods result in a spectacular PAPR reduction and furthermore lead to a perfect signal recovery at the receiver side.Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to loss of information

An efficient reduced complexity PAPR reduction approach for 3GPP LTE system

In wideband communication systems, Multi-Input Multi-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) has been proposed as an efficient technique to enhance the link reliability and the spectral efficiency. However, the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the output signals degrades the advantage of the MIMO-OFDM systems. In order to overcome this issue, several methods requiring the explicit transmission of Side Information (SI) bits have been investigated in the literature. Nevertheless, the wrong estimation of the SI leads not only to a damage on the total signal recovery but also to a loss of the entire OFDM sequence which, causes severe degradation in the system performance. Additionally, the transmitted bits must be channel-encoded as they are particularly susceptible to the error performance of the OFDM system, which highly increases the complexity and the end-To-end latency. Therefore, we propose in this paper a blind and reduced complexity technique for MIMO-OFDM systems under high frequency selective channels. At the transmitter side, the proposed method exploits a new form of embedded signaling such as the use of the Zadoff-Chu matrix transform. Regarding the receiver side, the proposed method exploits simultaneously an enhanced Alamouti decoder scheme and an optimized estimation process that is based on calculating the high order statistic of the received signal. Finally, performances evaluation show the usefulness of the proposed methods in Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. 2016 IEEE.Scopu

Single-pixel-camera paradigm for multiband cooperative sensing in cognitive radio systems

Cooperative multiband spectrum sensing presents the next generation of cognitive radio networks, where multiple bands are sensed and accessed to improve spectrum maintenance and to enhance the network throughput. In order to concretize this concept, several uniform cooperative spectrum sensing techniques have been proposed in literature which suffers from a high complexity computation over the global sensing scheme. To overcome this limitation, this work proposes a robust and efficient spectrum sensing technique. The proposal investigates a new alternative of Single-Pixel-Camera adaptation of the cooperative multiband spectrum sensing for Cognitive Radio. Instead of using the conventional uniform band measurements, we investigate a non-uniform approach, where the time of sensing is reduced by using a hard and soft decision metric. Moreover, this approach allows to enhance the performances in terms of spectrum sensing. Simulation results are given to support our claims